Theory of Change An Essay by Aaron Swartz www.aaronsw.com A theory of change is the opposite of a theory of action — it works backwards from the goal, in concrete steps, to figure out what you can do to achieve it. To develop a theory of change, you need to start at the end and repeatedly ask yourself, “Concretely, how does one achieve that?” changegoals
How things ought to be It is hard to give up preconceptions of what things “ought to be,” and recognize things as they really are. Christopher Alexander, The Timeless Way of Building The way of things wisdom