Zoning for diversity As production becomes increasingly clean and knowledge-based, as our urban economies tip dramatically to service industries, as racism and ethnic animosities ebb, and as the model of mixed use becomes more and more persuasive and visible, cities are in a position to dramatically rethink zoning as a medium for leveraging and usefully complicating difference, rather than simply isolating it. Michael Sorkin, 20 Minutes in Manhattan zoningrace
Bridges as walls The biographer of Robert Moses, Robert A. Caro, refers to the bridges and underpasses of the famed New York State parkways. These bridges and underpasses are quite low, intentionally specified by Moses to allow only private cars to pass. All those who traveled by bus because they were poor or black or both were barred from the use and enjoyment of the parkland and its "public amenities" by the technical design of the bridges. Even at the time of Robert Moses, a political statement of the form "We don't want them blacks in our parks" would have been unacceptable in New York State. But a technological expression of the same prejudice appeared to be all right. Of course, to the public the intent of the design became evident only after it was executed, and then the bridges were there. Ursula M. Franklin, The Real World of Technology politicsclassracediscriminationurbanism
The Eyes Have It A Research Paper by Ben Shneiderman www.cs.umd.edu The Visual Information Seeking Mantra visualizationinformationdata
The Visual Information Seeking Mantra There are many visual design guidelines but the basic principle might be summarized as the Visual Information Seeking Mantra: Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand Each line represents one project in which I found myself rediscovering this principle and therefore wrote it down it as a reminder. It proved to be only a starting point in trying to characterize the multiple information visualization innovations occurring at university, government, and industry research labs. visualizationinformation