Theory of Change An Essay by Aaron Swartz www.aaronsw.com A theory of change is the opposite of a theory of action — it works backwards from the goal, in concrete steps, to figure out what you can do to achieve it. To develop a theory of change, you need to start at the end and repeatedly ask yourself, “Concretely, how does one achieve that?” changegoals
Each element performs many functions Each element in the system should be chosen and placed so that it performs as many functions as possible. Bill Mollison, Introduction to Permaculture The multiplicity of living patterns function