The Nature and Art of Workmanship A Book by David Pye www.bloomsbury.com That which requires caringMass production of variable productsFrom hands to machinesEmploys nothing at allWhat is Folk Craft? designmakingcraftstyle
The Nature and Aesthetics of Design A Book by David Pye books.google.com Any imaginable shapeUseless work on useful thingsPresentableThe principle of arrangementThe minimum condition+35 More More real than living manThat which requires caringThe informing idea of functionalism designaestheticsmakingstylecraftbeauty
That which requires caring Today's real world of technology is characterized by the dominance of prescriptive technologies. The temptation to design more or less everything according to prescriptive and broken-up technologies is so strong that it is even applied to those tasks that should be conducted in a holistic way. Any tasks that require caring, whether for people or nature, any tasks that require immediate feedback and adjustment, are best done holistically. Such tasks cannot be planed, coordinated, and controlled the way prescriptive tasks must be. Prescriptive technologies eliminate the occasions for decision-making and judgment in general and especially for the making of principled decisions. Any goal of the technology is incorporated a priori in the design and is not negotiable. Ursula M. Franklin, The Real World of Technology Holistic and prescriptive technologiesThe Nature and Art of WorkmanshipThe Nature and Aesthetics of Design agilesoftwareprocess