Theory of Change An Essay by Aaron Swartz www.aaronsw.com A theory of change is the opposite of a theory of action — it works backwards from the goal, in concrete steps, to figure out what you can do to achieve it. To develop a theory of change, you need to start at the end and repeatedly ask yourself, “Concretely, how does one achieve that?” changegoals
Pointing at things An Article by Austin Kleon austinkleon.com The story goes that the painter Al Held said, “Conceptual art is just pointing at things,” so John Baldessari decided to take him literally, and commissioned a bunch of amateur painters to paint realistic paintings of hands pointing at things. As I wrote in Steal Like An Artist, “Step 1: Wonder at something. Step 2: Invite others to wonder with you.” Point at things, say, “whoa,” and elaborate. PointingRe: Pointing at thingsLooking Closely is Everything interestcuriosityseeing